Common in coastal forests and scrublands, Kawakawa stands out with its broadly heart shaped leaves and blackish stems swollen at the joints. It's foliage, soft and dark green, tending to lighter sunburnt shades when in the open. It is characteristically eaten by the Kawakawa caterpillar, leaving the distinctive cell patterned leaves. Flowers are minute on spikes with male and female on different plants, resulting in orange fruits, a favourite of the browsing birds.